{"id":514,"date":"2022-10-16T16:58:23","date_gmt":"2022-10-16T19:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/?p=514"},"modified":"2023-02-21T23:33:14","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T02:33:14","slug":"iniciando-um-clima-economico-de-hidrogenio-sustentavel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/sk\/iniciando-um-clima-economico-de-hidrogenio-sustentavel\/","title":{"rendered":"Iniciovanie udr\u017eate\u013enej vod\u00edkovej ekonomickej kl\u00edmy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vod\u00edk nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 palivom pre bezuhl\u00edkov\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165, pokia\u013e nie je jeho vlastn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba dekarbonizovan\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017enosti vod\u00edka ako benz\u00ednu s nulov\u00fdmi emisiami uhl\u00edka podnietili kreativitu v tejto oblasti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Okrem toho, \u017ee s\u00fa to deti, mus\u00edme si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina vod\u00edka vyroben\u00e9ho na svete z\u00e1vis\u00ed od neudr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edvania fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu je v\u00fdroba vod\u00edka zodpovedn\u00e1 za 830 megaton (Mt) emisi\u00ed CO2 ro\u010dne. Pre porovnanie, ak by sa dne\u0161n\u00fd vod\u00edkov\u00fd priemysel stal samostatnou krajinou, bol by \u0161iestym najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm producentom emisi\u00ed v kr\u00e1\u013eovstve.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tradi\u010dne sa vod\u00edk vyr\u00e1bal na pou\u017eitie v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch podobn\u00fdch ropn\u00e9mu a chemick\u00e9mu priemyslu. V\u00fdzvou s rozvojom vod\u00edkov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva a jeho podpornej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary je zabezpe\u010di\u0165 vod\u00edk s nulov\u00fdmi emisiami uhl\u00edka lacnej\u0161\u00edm, \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013en\u00fdm a autentick\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Pr\u00e1ve tu m\u00f4\u017eu nov\u00e9 poznatky zohr\u00e1va\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch f\u00e1zach v\u00fdstavby, dopravy, skladovania a kone\u010dn\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba zelen\u00e9ho vod\u00edka<\/span><\/p>\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je pravdepodobne najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom v\u00fdroby vod\u00edka parn\u00e1 reform\u00e1cia met\u00e1nu (SMR) z fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv. Bohu\u017eia\u013e, to so sebou nesie zna\u010dn\u00e9 emisie uhl\u00edka. V skuto\u010dnosti sa pri pou\u017eit\u00ed SMR uvo\u013e\u0148uje o nie\u010do viac CO2 ako pri v\u00fdrobe benz\u00ednu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuje v\u0161ak alternat\u00edva s nulov\u00fdmi emisiami uhl\u00edka. Bud\u00facnos\u0165 vod\u00edka spo\u010d\u00edva v elektrol\u00fdze vody, ktor\u00e1 je poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e1 bezuhl\u00edkov\u00fdm zdrojom energie, ako je napr\u00edklad fotovoltaick\u00e1 farma, na dod\u00e1vku \u201czelen\u00e9ho vod\u00edka\u201d. Elektrol\u00fdza v\u0161ak pod\u013ea \u00fadajov z\u00e1morskej energetickej spolo\u010dnosti (IEA) stoj\u00ed pribli\u017ene dvakr\u00e1t to\u013eko ako SMR. Mus\u00edme t\u00fato kapacitu zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165. T\u00e1to kapacita roz\u0161iruje elektrolyz\u00e9ry na in\u0161tal\u00e1cie s v\u00fdkonom nieko\u013ek\u00fdch megawattov. Je tie\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 lokality s pr\u00edstupom k bezuhl\u00edkovej energii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuj\u00fa zru\u010dnosti na zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00fa\u010dinnosti elektrol\u00fdzy prostredn\u00edctvom starostliv\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu a riadenia elektrick\u00e9ho zariadenia. To nielen zni\u017euje najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie r\u00fdchlosti, ale tie\u017e zvy\u0161uje bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 postupu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ABB demon\u0161trovala, \u010do je uskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e9, spolupracovala s jedn\u00fdm z prv\u00fdch implement\u00e1torov v USA na poskytnut\u00ed kompletnej elektrickej sch\u00e9my pre dva ned\u00e1vno vybudovan\u00e9 z\u00e1vody na elektrol\u00fdzu vod\u00edka v New Yorku a Georgii. Okrem toho bud\u00fa motory a pohony ABB hra\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri kompresii paliva pre dopravu. Z\u00e1vod m\u00e1 denne spolo\u010dne vyrobi\u0165 600 ton ekologick\u00e9ho vod\u00edka, \u010d\u00edm sa kompenzuje pribli\u017ene 1 700 % emisi\u00ed fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv v sektore logistiky a dopravy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Navrhovanie vod\u00edkovej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u0161tartovanie vod\u00edkov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu nie je \u017eiadna mali\u010dkos\u0165. Prisp\u00f4sobenie sa vod\u00edku vo ve\u013ekom rozsahu si bude vy\u017eadova\u0165 aj lacn\u00e9 susedstvo a v\u00fdstavbu nov\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed pripom\u00ednaj\u00facich tankovne. Integr\u00e1cia vod\u00edka do existuj\u00facej potrubnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary poskytuje finan\u010dn\u00fd pocit, preto\u017ee v po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch f\u00e1zach rastu bude pravdepodobne prepravova\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu vod\u00edka.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Skladovanie vod\u00edka si vy\u017eaduje aj \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 know-how a rozsiahle odborn\u00e9 znalosti, ke\u010f\u017ee ochrana je prvorad\u00e1, pri\u010dom plyny sa musia udr\u017eiava\u0165 vo vysokej koncentr\u00e1cii. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ABB napr\u00edklad poskytuje rie\u0161enia automatiz\u00e1cie, elektrifik\u00e1cie a pr\u00edstrojov\u00e9ho vybavenia pre pilotn\u00fd projekt v Austr\u00e1lii, ktor\u00fd by mohol poskytn\u00fa\u0165 pl\u00e1n pre priemyseln\u00fa prepravu benz\u00ednu. Po v\u00fdrobe vod\u00edka po\u010das sply\u0148ovania hned\u00e9ho uhlia sa m\u00f4\u017ee skvapalni\u0165 a prepravova\u0165 do Japonska na prvej \u0161pecializovanej lodi na prepravu vod\u00edka na Zemi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou z\u00e1kladnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou vod\u00edkov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je kone\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie. Zlep\u0161enie \u00fa\u010dinnosti a zn\u00ed\u017eenie sadzieb bude tie\u017e stimulova\u0165 invest\u00edcie v tejto oblasti \u2013 a palivov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky s\u00fa toho jedn\u00fdm z pr\u00edkladov. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 sadzby sa pohybuj\u00fa okolo 250 USD\/kW, pri\u010dom sk\u00fasenosti s najmodernej\u0161\u00edmi technol\u00f3giami umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 poplatok na 180 USD\/kW. Kon\u0161trukciu plynov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkov je potrebn\u00e9 posilni\u0165, aby sa ceny \u010falej zn\u00ed\u017eili, a to aj napriek tomu, \u017ee v\u010faka \u00faspor\u00e1m z rozsahu s\u00fa mo\u017en\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 z\u013eavy na poplatkoch. Podobn\u00e9 \u00faspory z rozsahu s\u00fa dosiahnute\u013en\u00e9 aj na vod\u00edkov\u00fdch \u010derpac\u00edch staniciach pre vozidl\u00e1 poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e9 palivom.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bud\u00facnos\u0165 vod\u00edka sa bl\u00ed\u017ei.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a infra\u0161trukt\u00fary potrebnej pre vod\u00edk u\u017e dnes existuje. Aby sme posilnili syst\u00e9m financovania vod\u00edka, mus\u00edme na\u010falej stava\u0165 na t\u00fdchto overen\u00fdch z\u00e1kladoch, aby sme zabezpe\u010dili, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok v cenovom re\u0165azci \u2013 od v\u00fdroby cez distrib\u00faciu a\u017e po skladovanie a pou\u017e\u00edvanie \u2013 bude udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd, dekarbonizovan\u00fd a ekonomicky \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o tom, ako ABB vyu\u017e\u00edva rast pre udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd bud\u00faci de\u0148, n\u00e1jdete tu.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O hidrog\u00eanio n\u00e3o pode abastecer o futuro de carbono zero, a menos que sua pr\u00f3pria produ\u00e7\u00e3o seja descarbonizada As probabilidades do hidrog\u00eanio como gasolina zero carbono capturaram a criatividade da \u00e1rea.\u00a0 al\u00e9m do fato de serem crian\u00e7as, precisamos reconhecer que, atualmente, a maior parte do hidrog\u00eanio produzido no mundo depende do uso insustent\u00e1vel de combust\u00edveis […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-economia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=514"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/514\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noticias-gerais.online\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=514"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}